{"id":8660,"date":"2026-07-10T10:00:46","date_gmt":"2026-07-10T08:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/offer-drawing-parts\/"},"modified":"2026-07-13T10:54:14","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T08:54:14","slug":"offer-drawing-parts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/offer-drawing-parts\/","title":{"rendered":"Customized drawing parts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-4338\" src=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Blattfedern_Formfedern_Gutekunst_600x400-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Stamped, laser-cut, and formed parts\" width=\"401\" height=\"267\" data-wp-pid=\"4338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Blattfedern_Formfedern_Gutekunst_600x400-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Blattfedern_Formfedern_Gutekunst_600x400-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Blattfedern_Formfedern_Gutekunst_600x400-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Blattfedern_Formfedern_Gutekunst_600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\" \/>Drawing parts are industrial metal parts that are manufactured according to customer requirements &#8211; as prototypes, in <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/stanzteile-kleinserien\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">small quantities<\/a> or in large series. The range of drawing parts, which are manufactured according to CAD data, drawings and samples, extends from turned parts, extruded parts, <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/offer-stamped-parts-and-stamped-bent-parts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stamped-bent parts<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/?p=7189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">laser parts<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/individual-shaped-springs-and-flat-springs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">form springs<\/a> to milled parts. <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/stamping-and-forming-technology\/\">Forming technology<\/a> is particularly important for stamped-bent parts and shaped springs.<\/p>\n<p>Gutekunst Formfedern specializes in the production of individual drawing parts such as form springs, flat springs, leaf springs, stamped parts, stamped-bent parts and laser parts in a limitless variety of shapes. Whether complex shapes or<a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/kontaktfedern\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> multi-benefit properties<\/a>, in addition to top quality and decades of experience, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutekunst-formfedern.de\/de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gutekunst Formfedern<\/a> has stood for innovative solutions and comprehensive service right from the start since 1990.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/offer-drawing-parts\/#Overview_of_the_manufacturing_process_for_drawing_parts\" >Overview of the manufacturing process for drawing parts<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/offer-drawing-parts\/#Turned_parts\" >Turned parts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/offer-drawing-parts\/#Impact_extrusions\" >Impact extrusions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/offer-drawing-parts\/#Stamped_parts\" >Stamped parts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/offer-drawing-parts\/#Laserteile\" >Laserteile<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/offer-drawing-parts\/#Milled_parts\" >Milled parts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/offer-drawing-parts\/#Drawing_parts_from_Gutekunst_Formfedern_Stamped_parts_laser_parts_and_stamped-bent_parts_with_subsequent_forming_technology\" >Drawing parts from Gutekunst Formfedern: Stamped parts, laser parts and stamped-bent parts with subsequent forming technology<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/offer-drawing-parts\/#Request_a_quote_for_drawing_parts\" >Request a quote for drawing parts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/offer-drawing-parts\/#Take_advantage_of_the_new_Form_Springs_Shop\" >Take advantage of the new Form Springs Shop<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview_of_the_manufacturing_process_for_drawing_parts\"><\/span>Overview of the manufacturing process for drawing parts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Turned_parts\"><\/span>Turned parts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Turned parts are manufactured using CNC (Computerized Numerical Control) turning technology. In this processing method, a material made of metal or plastic is brought into a specific shape by machining. The workpiece to be machined rotates at a high speed. A turning tool, which is firmly clamped on a tool slide, moves along the material. The advantage: Users produce high quantities with the same quality on CNC lathes.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_extrusions\"><\/span>Impact extrusions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Customer-specific impact extruded parts can be produced in any geometric design and quantity using modern cold extrusion technology. In this process, regardless of hollow bodies, solid workpieces or multifunctional combination elements, different shapes and equipment can be produced from round wires using multi-stage presses. Users can adjust both the geometry and the part volume to enable production without material shrinkage. This makes impact extruded parts a cost-effective alternative to turned parts.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stamped_parts\"><\/span>Stamped parts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Companies can produce stamped <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/offer-stamped-parts-and-stamped-bent-parts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">parts<\/a> with the help of stamping tools and shape them into any desired form using a variety of forming techniques. They can process <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/properties-of-spring-steel-sheets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">materials made of metal<\/a> (primarily sheet steel), plastic, cardboard as well as leather and textiles. The <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/scherfestigkeit-stahl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stamping process<\/a> is mainly suitable for mass production. The process itself is carried out in a pure punching or <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/production-of-stamped-and-bent-parts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">punch-bending<\/a> process and can be carried out as a single step or as part of a multi-part production process. This consists of the following three parts:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Punch:<\/strong> The punch has the shape and size of the desired hole and is positioned on the top or bottom of the tool.<br \/>\n<strong>Hold-down device:<\/strong> The hold-down device strips the material from the punch directly after punching.<br \/>\n<strong>Die:<\/strong> The material is pressed into the die during punching. This prevents the workpiece from slipping.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Laserteile\"><\/span>Laserteile<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/laser-parts-in-express-production\/\">Laser parts<\/a> are metal parts specially manufactured according to customer requirements, which are cut from various flat materials with the help of computer-controlled CNC laser machines. The advantage: The process produces flawless cut edges with very fine contours. Based on the CAD data provided, the rapid production of prototypes and series parts is also convincing. The laser parts can be formed into any desired shape by a subsequent <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/lasering-punching-forming-and-assembling\/\">forming technique<\/a> &#8211; for example edging, deep drawing, embossing or bending. The manufacturing costs are lower with this process compared to other methods such as stamping. <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/stanzteile-kleinserien\/\">This is especially true for prototypes and smaller batch sizes<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Milled_parts\"><\/span>Milled parts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>These components and products are manufactured using CNC milling technology. The machine processes materials such as metal, wood or plastic by chip removal. In contrast to turning, in this process the workpiece is firmly clamped while the milling tool moves. The result: The user receives high quantities with almost identical quality.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Drawing_parts_from_Gutekunst_Formfedern_Stamped_parts_laser_parts_and_stamped-bent_parts_with_subsequent_forming_technology\"><\/span>Drawing parts from Gutekunst Formfedern: Stamped parts, laser parts and stamped-bent parts with subsequent forming technology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/welcome-to-gutekunst-formfedern-gmbh\/\">Gutekunst Formfedern GmbH<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/welcome-to-gutekunst-formfedern-gmbh\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-4057\" src=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Formfedern_Uebersicht_900-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"Drawing parts from Gutekunst Formfedern\" width=\"400\" height=\"278\" data-wp-pid=\"4057\" data-pin-nopin=\"nopin\" srcset=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Formfedern_Uebersicht_900-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Formfedern_Uebersicht_900-768x534.jpg 768w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Formfedern_Uebersicht_900-600x417.jpg 600w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Formfedern_Uebersicht_900-150x104.jpg 150w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Formfedern_Uebersicht_900-288x200.jpg 288w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Formfedern_Uebersicht_900-800x556.jpg 800w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Formfedern_Uebersicht_900-200x139.jpg 200w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Formfedern_Uebersicht_900.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a> manufactures customer-specific drawing parts using the stamping and bending <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/stamping-and-forming-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">process<\/a>, pure <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/scherfestigkeit-stahl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stamping technology<\/a> or the <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/laser-cutting-and-laser-cutting-manufacturing-process-and-other-cutting-methods\/\">laser cutting process<\/a> with subsequent forming technology by bending, stamping, edging and deep drawing. And this according to <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/lasering-punching-forming-and-assembling\/\">requirements, shape<\/a> and number of pieces. Especially in forming technology, there are no limits to the shaping of individual drawing parts. If required, Gutekunst offers final <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/surface-refinement-and-surface-coating-of-metal-springs\/\">surface treatments<\/a> such as vibratory grinding, barrel finishing, phosphating, burnishing, galvanizing or painting. In addition, the drawing parts can also be installed directly <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/lasering-punching-forming-and-assembling\/\">in provided assemblies<\/a>. The choice of materials is extensive. Users can choose between normal spring steels as well as stainless steels, non-ferrous metals and coil metals in strip or plate form.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1173\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1173\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1173\" src=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gutekunst_Umformen_600px-300x198.jpg\" alt=\"Laser parts with forming technology\" width=\"400\" height=\"264\" data-wp-pid=\"1173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gutekunst_Umformen_600px-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gutekunst_Umformen_600px.jpg 600w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gutekunst_Umformen_600px-303x200.jpg 303w, https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gutekunst_Umformen_600px-200x132.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1173\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forming technology after lasering<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Manufacturing Services: Custom Parts for Stamping and Laser Cutting<br \/>\n\u2022 Material thicknesses: 0.1 to 3.0 millimeters<br \/>\n\u2022 Strip widths: 1.0 to 150 millimeters<br \/>\n\u2022 Sheet sizes: 1500 x 2500 millimeters<\/p>\n<p>Manufacturing and forming technology is available for the following applications: Punching, lasering, edging, deep drawing, embossing, bending, grinding, assembling<\/p>\n<p>For the manufacture of custom-drawn parts, Gutekunst offers <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/properties-of-spring-steel-sheets\/\">the following material types<\/a> to choose from (additional material types available upon request):<br \/>\n\u2022 Carbon steel and spring steel in accordance with EN 10270-1<br \/>\n\u2022 C100S (1.1231) and C75S QT (1.1248)<br \/>\n\u2022 Stainless steel according to X10 CrNi 18-8 (1.4310), X7 CrNiAl 17-7 (1.4568), and X5 CrNiMo 17-12-2 (1.4401)<br \/>\n\u2022 Tin bronze CuSn 6 (2.1020)<br \/>\n\u2022 Copper-beryllium CuBe 2 (2.1247)<br \/>\n\u2022 Electrical steel sheets according to EN 10106<br \/>\n\u2022 Aluminum AlMg3 and Al99<br \/>\n\u2022 Other material types available upon request<\/p>\n<p>Surface treatments include <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/laserteile-entgraten\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deburring<\/a>, barrel finishing, phosphating, burnishing, galvanizing and painting. Further information can be found under the following link: <a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/surface-refinement-and-surface-coating-of-metal-springs\/\">Surface treatments<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"inner-wrap\">\n<div id=\"primary\">\n<div id=\"content\" class=\"clearfix\">\n<article id=\"post-53\" class=\"post-53 page type-page status-publish hentry\">\n<div class=\"entry-content clearfix\">\n<p>Certified according to ISO 9001:2008, 14001, 18001 and 45001, Gutekunst Formfedern offers extremely high part precision and repeat accuracy with its modern machine park of CAD\/CAM-controlled laser, punching, bending, bending and wire erosion machines. And ensures a fast and optimal order flow for prototypes, small quantities and large series via the in-house tool shop, the CAD-based order and production control, as well as the &#8220;all-in-one&#8221; principle &#8220;with personalized order management.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Request_a_quote_for_drawing_parts\"><\/span>Request a quote for drawing parts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>For quotations of stamped, lasered and formed drawing parts in large series, small quantities or as prototypes, please send a technical drawing or the CAD data with the desired characteristic of the drawing part to <a href=\"mailto:info@gutekunst-formfedern.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">info@gutekunst-formfedern.de<\/a> or contact our technical department directly by telephone on (+49) 07445 8516-0.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a class=\"maxbutton-8 maxbutton maxbutton-spring-request-en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"\/en\/spring-request\/\"><span class='mb-text'>Spring request<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Take_advantage_of_the_new_Form_Springs_Shop\"><\/span>Take advantage of the new Form Springs Shop<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The new Form Springs Shop from Gutekunst Formfedern offers a number of benefits when sourcing form springs, flat springs, laser-cut parts and sheet metal parts. Thanks to its user-friendly interface, transparent online price calculation and fast digital processing, it provides real support for designers, technicians and buyers. At last, it is possible to configure, price, enquire about and order bespoke metal formed parts easily and quickly \u2013 round the clock and with maximum transparency.<\/p>\n<p>Why not try it out for yourself right now at <a href=\"https:\/\/shop.formfedern.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/shop.formfedern.com<\/a><\/p>\n<a class=\"maxbutton-23 maxbutton maxbutton-form-springs-shop\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Form Springs Shop\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.formfedern.com\/en\/\"><span class='mb-text'>Form Springs Shop<\/span><\/a>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>For more information:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/lasering-punching-forming-and-assembling\/\">Lasering, punching, forming and assembling<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/laser-cutting-and-laser-cutting-manufacturing-process-and-other-cutting-methods\/\">Laser cutting and laser cutting<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/stanzteile-kleinserien\/\">Stamped parts and molded metal parts in small series<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/laser-parts-in-express-production\/\">Order laser parts quickly and easily<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/properties-stamped-bent-parts\/\">Information stamped and bent parts<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Drawing parts are industrial metal parts that are manufactured according to customer requirements &#8211; as prototypes, in small quantities or in large series. The range of drawing parts, which are manufactured according to CAD data, drawings and samples, extends<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6512,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[827,715,700,714,702,710],"tags":[2130,2351,1368,2876,2878,1561,1771],"class_list":["post-8660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-en","category-laser-parts","category-products","category-punched-and-bent-parts","category-sale","category-shaped-springs","tag-drawing-parts","tag-forming-technology","tag-laserteile-en","tag-punching-process","tag-special-parts","tag-stamped-and-bent-parts","tag-stamped-parts"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8660","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8660"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12416,"href":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8660\/revisions\/12416"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8660"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info.formfedern.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}